Serum autophagy-related gene 5 level in stroke patients: correlation with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment during a 3-year follow-up

Abstract Autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 regulates blood lipids, chronic inflammation, CD4+ T-cell differentiation, and neuronal death and is involved in post-stroke cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the correlation of serum ATG5 with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment in stroke patients. Peripheral blood was collected from 180 stroke patients for serum ATG5 and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cell detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was completed at enrollment, year (Y)1, Y2, and Y3 in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was also measured in 50 healthy controls (HCs). Serum ATG5 was elevated in stroke patients compared to HCs (P<0.001) and was positively correlated to Th2 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P<0.001), and Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.001) in stroke patients but not correlated with Th1 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, or Treg cells (all P>0.050). Serum ATG5 (P=0.037), Th1 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P=0.002), and Th17/Treg ratio (P=0.018) were elevated in stroke patients with MMSE score-identified cognition impairment vs those without cognition impairment, whereas Th2 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Treg cells were not different between them (all P>0.050). Importantly, serum ATG5 was negatively linked with MMSE score at enrollment (P=0.004), Y1 (P=0.002), Y2 (P=0.014), and Y3 (P=0.001); moreover, it was positively related to 2-year (P=0.024) and 3-year (P=0.012) MMSE score decline in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was positively correlated with Th2 and Th17 cells and estimated cognitive function decline in stroke patients.

Effects of Nogo-A and its receptor on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats

Regeneration of injured peripheral nerves is an extremely complex process. Nogo-A (neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A) inhibits axonal regeneration by interacting with Nogo receptor in the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nogo-A and its receptor on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=96) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (control), sciatic nerve transection group (model), immediate repair group (immediate repair), and delayed repair group (delayed repair). The rats were euthanized 1 week and 6 weeks after operation. The injured end tissues of the spinal cord and sciatic nerve were obtained. The protein expressions of Nogo-A and Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) were detected by western blot. At 1 week after operation, the pathological changes in the immediate repaired group were less, and the protein expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, and RhoA in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve tissues were decreased (P<0.05) compared with the model group. After 6 weeks, the pathological changes in the immediate repair group and the delayed repair group were alleviated and the protein expressions decreased (P<0.05). The situation of the immediate repair group was better than that of the delayed repair group. Our data suggest that the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor increased after sciatic nerve injury, indicating that Nogo-A and its receptor play an inhibitory role in the repair process of sciatic nerve injury in rats.

Relationship between physical health among preschool children and parental labour migration in Longnan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between parental labour migration and preschool children’s physical health in poor rural areas,and to provide a scientcfic basis for the development of children’s education and public health in poor rural areas of China.@*Methods@#Using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method, this study investigated the physical health of 497 preschool children in six rural kindergartens in Cheng County, Longnan City of Gansu Province.@*Results@#The results showed poor physical health among preschool children, and two-week prevalence rate of respiratory system was 46.1%, two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea system was 14.5%. Parental out-migration significantly affects the prevalence of diarrhea in children, but not the prevalence of respiratory disease. For younger children, parental labour migration was associated with higher risk of physical health. Children’s active hand washing habits could significantly reduce the two-week prevalence of disease and associated with higher level of physical health(OR=1.97, 2.20).@*Conclusion@#Preschool children’s physical health is closely related to parental labour migration. Healthy habits should be encouraged to improve physical status among those children.

Baohuoside- Ⅰ inhibits malignant phenotype of SW480 and RKO cells and its mechanism / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To investigate the effect of Baohuoside-Ⅰ on the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines SW480 and RKO and the relative mechanism. Methods: Colon cancer cell lines SW480 and RKO were respectively treated with different concentrations of Baohuoside-Ⅰ (0, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml). Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; The ability of cell clone formation was tested by cell clone formation experiments; The migration and invasion of cells were detected by Transwell assay; The apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by Flow cytometry; and the protein expression levels of cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting. TheeffectsofBaohuoside-Ⅰontranscriptomeandpossiblesignaling pathways were detected by RNA-Seq technology. Results: Baohuoside-Ⅰ could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of SW480 and RKO cells, and induce cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase block. Baohuoside-Ⅰ could also up-regulate the protein expressions of cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 but down-regulate the protein expression of Bcl-2 in SW480 and RKO cell lines. In addition, RNA-Seq data analysis showed that DNAreplication and transcription of ERBB signaling pathway related genes were both affected by Baohuoside-Ⅰ. Conclusion: Baohuoside-Ⅰ could induce apoptosis and G0/G1 phase block of colon cancer cell lines SW480 and RKO by affecting the expression of apoptosis related proteins, as well as cellular DNA replication and ERBB signaling pathways, thus inhibiting the malignant phenotypes of SW480 and RKO.